{"id":35394,"date":"2025-08-07T16:17:36","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T23:17:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/library\/?post_type=html_handouts&p=35394"},"modified":"2025-09-30T12:49:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T19:49:42","slug":"mla-9-citation-samples","status":"publish","type":"html_handouts","link":"https:\/\/www.pcc.edu\/library\/html_handouts\/mla-9-citation-samples\/","title":{"rendered":"MLA 9 Citation Samples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This page explains core elements of MLA 9th<\/sup> edition citations and how to format a Works Cited page. It also provides full citation examples of commonly cited sources.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

MLA 9 Core Elements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

MLA 9th edition focuses on clarification, guidance, and expansion of MLA 8, an edition that featured extensive changes. MLA 8 was designed to be more user-friendly, with built-in flexibility that allowed writers to cite their sources in ways that work best for their specific projects. MLA 9 was created in response to feedback asking for clarification and expansion on the meaning of each category or core element in different contexts of documentation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

MLA 9 requires researchers to locate all \u201ccore elements\u201d provided for each source used, and list them in the following order with the accompanying punctuation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

List of Core Elements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Author Last Name, <\/strong>(The person(s) or organization that created the source.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. First Name, Middle Name or Initial.<\/strong> <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Title of Longer Work<\/em> or “Title of Shorter Work.”<\/strong> (The specific name of the source. Book and movie titles are in italics but article titles, chapter titles, episode titles, etc. are in quotation marks.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Title of Container<\/em> (if the cited work is shorter).<\/strong> (When the source is part of a larger whole (ex. an article in a journal), the larger whole can be thought of as a container that holds the source.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Publisher,<\/strong> (Organization responsible for producing the source.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Year. <\/strong>(Date that the source\/container was published.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Location, URL or DOI.<\/strong> (Page number, chapter, section, DOI, website URL or permalink.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Works Cited Page Format<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    MLA citations are listed in a bibliography called the Works Cited page, which typically appears at the end of a paper or presentation. List citations alphabetically by the last name of the first author, or if no author then by the letter of the first word in a title. The font should be 12 pt Times New Roman. For more formatting information see the sample below. For a screen-reader friendly version of a sample Works Cited page, visit the \u201cMLA Sample Works Cited Page\u201d on the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Screenshot<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Here is an audio\/video description of how to format a Works Cited page from Purdue OWL<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Citation Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Print Book<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Author(s).<\/strong> Use the format Last Name, First Name Middle Name or Initial. If there are multiple authors, subsequent authors names should be First Name Last Name.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Title of the Book<\/em><\/strong>.<\/strong> Use italics for the title of a longer work like a book and use headline-style capitalization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Edition<\/strong> If there are multiple editions, use the format 1st\/2nd\/3rd ed.,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Publisher,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Publication date.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Example:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

      Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird<\/em>. 1st ed., J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1960.

      <\/p>\n\n\n

      eBook<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Author(s).<\/strong> Use the format Last Name, First Name Middle Name or Initial. If there are multiple authors, subsequent authors names should be First Name Last Name.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Title of the Book,<\/em><\/strong> Use italics for the title of a longer work like a book and use headline-style capitalization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Editors,<\/strong> If there is one editor, use the format edited by Last Name, First Name. If there are multiple editors, subsequent editors names should be First Name Last Name.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Publisher,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Publication date.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. Database<\/em><\/strong>,<\/strong> Use italics for names of databases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      7. URL or permalink.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Example<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n

        Davis, Cynthia, and Verner Mitchell. Literary Sisters: Dorothy West and Her Circle, a Biography of the Harlem Renaissance<\/em>. Rutgers University Press, 2011. Ebook Central University Press<\/em>, alliance-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com\/permalink\/f\/j0np4a\/CP71344215450001451.

        <\/p>\n\n\n

        Journal article<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Author(s). <\/strong>Use the format Last Name, First Name Middle Name or Initial. If there are multiple authors, subsequent authors names should be First Name Last Name.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. “Title of the Article.” <\/strong>Include the title of a shorter work like an article in a journal in quotation marks and use headline-style capitalization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Title of the Journal<\/em>, Use italics for the title of a longer work like a journal and use headline-style capitalization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. vol. #, <\/strong>Sometimes the volume and issue number will be presented like this: 12:2. The first is the volume number, the second the issue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. no. #, <\/strong>If there is no additional number after the volume, only include the volume number.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Publication date,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. pp. xxx-xxx.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          If accessed online or in a library database…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n