Reproduction of Printed Materials

Copying for classroom use for or by an instructor is permitted (under limitations) ONLY if all these conditions are met:

  • The work is for classroom use.
  • The number of copies does not exceed one copy per student in the class.
  • Carries the copyright notice.
  • The copying meets the tests of spontaneity, brevity and cumulative effect.

Spontaneity - All of the following must apply:

  • The copying is at the inspiration of an individual instructor.
  • The decision to use the work and the moment of maximum effectiveness are so close in time as to make it unreasonable to request permission for use.
  • Every effort should be made to plan ahead so infringement is not accidental.